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Category: More Topics

Home » More Topics » Page 2
writing programme notes for music exams
Diplomas / More Topics

How to Write Programme Notes

How to Write Programme Notes for Music Exams This article aims to give you some practical, actionable advice on writing programme notes for a music exam. In a nutshell, the …

More Topics / Scales and Keys

How to Write Scales

Whare are musical scales? There are many types of musical scale. A scale is a series of notes which is fixed by a particular pattern of tones and semitones. Semitones …

More Topics / Orchestration

Instruments Transposition and Clefs

Concert pitch = non-transposed pitch String Instruments Violin: treble clef, not transposing Viola: alto clef, not transposing Cello: bass, tenor and treble clef, not transposing Double bass: bass clef, sounds …

More Topics / Rhythm / Time Values

The Time Values of Notes

The Time Values of Notes We use different shapes of notes to show how long each one should last for. The names of the notes and rests are different in …

More Topics / Scales and Keys

How to Work Out the Key

When you need to work out what key some music is in, there are some important rules to follow and some common traps avoid! Use the key signature – this …

3/2 or 6/4 time signature
ABRSM5 / More Topics / Rhythm / Time Signatures

Working out the Time Signature

How to Work out any Time Signature in Music   Work out where the main beats fall and how many there are per bar   Work out the type of beat   Pick the right simple, …

evolution of music notation
Handwriting Music / More Topics

The Evolution of Music Notation

The Evolution of Music Notation Have you ever wondered why are there five lines on a stave, not four or six? Who invented time signatures? Why isn’t there a B clef …

complete key signatures chart treble, bass, alto and tenor clefs up to seven sharps or flats
More Topics / Scales and Keys

Key Signatures Chart

Key Signatures Chart Here are all the key signatures up to 7 sharps/flats in the four clefs – treble, bass, alto and tenor.

mensural notation
More Topics / Rhythm / Time Signatures

Time Signatures: 4/4 or C?

What’s the Difference Between 4/4 and C? Music which has four beats per bar is sometimes given a 4/4 time signature, and sometimes a “C”. Is there any difference between …

More Topics / Tests and Quizzes

The History of “Classical” Music

Do You Know Your Beethoven from Your Boccherini? Whether you need to brush up on your knowledge of musical styles for your upcoming music theory exam, or are just keen …

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  • What Grade am I?
  • ABRSM
    • Grade 1
      • Pitch & the Treble Clef
      • The Bass Clef
      • The Grand Staff
      • Accidentals
      • Time Names of Notes
      • Time Names of Rests
      • Dotted Notes
      • Simple Time Signatures
      • Tied Notes
      • Beaming in Groups
      • Major Scales and Scale Degrees
      • Key Signatures
      • Interval Numbers
      • Tonic Triads
      • Dynamics
      • Musical Symbols
      • Musical Terms
      • Grade 1 Music Theory Test (ABRSM)
    • Grade 2
      • Ledger Lines
      • Bass/Treble Clef Transposition
      • Major Scales
      • Minor Scales Introduction
      • Degrees of the Scale
      • Key Signatures and Major Keys
      • Key Signatures and Minor Keys
      • Questions on Scales
      • Time Signatures
      • Adding Bar Lines
      • Working out the Time Signature
      • Rewriting in a New Time Signature
      • Adding Rests
      • Tonic Triads – Major and Minor
      • Intervals
      • Triplets
      • Musical Terms
      • Grade 2 Music Theory Test (ABRSM)
    • Grade 3
      • The Demisemiquaver (32nd Note)
      • Major Scales: E and A Flat
      • Melodic Minor Scales
      • Minor Scales (Grade 3)
      • Key Signatures and Key
      • Tonic Triads
      • Compound Time Signatures
      • Rests
      • Beaming and Grouping (Grade 3)
      • Interval Qualities
      • Transposition (Grade 3 ABRSM)
      • Rewriting Rhythms (Grade 3 ABRSM)
      • Spotting Errors
      • Musical Terms
      • Grade 3 Music Theory Test (ABRSM)
    • Grade 4
      • Breves (Double Whole Notes)
      • Double Dotted Notes
      • 2/8 and 4/8 Time
      • More Compound Time Signatures
      • Duplets
      • Rhythm Rewriting (ABRSM Grade 4)
      • Double Sharps/Flats and Enharmonics
      • Scales and Keys with 5 Sharps/Flats
      • Technical Names of Scale Degrees
      • Chromatic Scales
      • Intervals Between Any Two Notes
      • Triads and Chords
      • The Alto Clef
      • Standard Orchestral Instruments
      • Musical Terms Grade 4 (ABRSM)
      • Ornaments (Symbols)
      • Grade 4 Music Theory Test (ABRSM)
    • Grade 5
      • The Tenor Clef
      • Questions on Pitch
      • Time Signature Review
      • Easily Confused Time Signatures
      • Irregular Time Signatures
      • Grouping and Beaming
      • Irregular Tuplets
      • Working out the Time Signature
      • Rhythm Questions (ABRSM Grade 5)
      • Major Scales with 6 Sharps/Flats
      • Minor Scales with 6 Sharps/Flats
      • Scales in Any Clef
      • Identifying the Key
      • Key Signatures
      • Compound Intervals
      • Intervals – Can I Count Semitones?
      • Intervals in a Score
      • Transposing Instruments
      • Musical Instruments Quiz
      • Transposing by a 2nd or 3rd
      • Transposing by a 4th or 5th
      • Chord II – The Supertonic
      • Chord Inversions
      • Cadences (ABRSM Grade 5)
      • Musical Terms Grade 5 (ABRSM)
      • Grade 5 Music Theory Test (ABRSM)
    • Grade 6
      • Rhythm, Pitch and Keys
        • Syncopation
        • Note Names in Other Languages
        • Major Scales with 7 Sharps/Flats
        • Minor Scales with 7 Sharps/Flats
      • Chords
        • Chord V7 – The Dominant 7th
        • Chord VI – The Submediant
        • Chord III – The Mediant
        • Chord VII – The Leading Note
        • Chord II7 (Supertonic 7th)
        • Chord v (Minor Dominant)
        • Chord IV (Major Subdominant; Melodic Minor)
        • Tierce de Picardie
        • Chord Inversions in Music
      • Chord Progressions
        • Common Chord Progressions
        • The Cadential 6/4
        • Passing Chords
        • Other 6/4 Progressions
        • Interrupted Cadence
        • Progressions and Inversions
      • Decoration & Ornaments
        • Unaccented Passing Notes
        • Accented Passing Notes
        • Auxiliary Notes
        • Appoggiaturas
        • Anticipations
        • Changing Notes
        • Pedals
        • Chromatic Decoration
        • Writing Out Ornaments (ABRSM Grade 6)
      • Voice Leading
        • Conjunct and Disjunct Motion
        • Leading Notes and 7ths
        • Augmented and Diminished Intervals
        • Consecutive 5ths and Octaves
      • Q1a | Chords to Accompany a Melody
      • SATB Harmony
        • SATB Doubling, Omissions & Spacing
        • SATB Voice Leading
      • Figured Bass
        • Accidentals
        • Continuation Lines
        • 5/3, 6/3 and 6/4
      • Q1b | Adding a Bass and Figures
      • Q2 | Realising a Figured Bass
      • Modulation
        • Close Keys
        • Prevailing Key
        • Pivot Chords
      • Composition
        • Implied Harmony
        • Motifs, Sequences and Imitation
        • Instrument Ranges
      • Q3 | Composition
      • Style and Form
        • Texture
        • The Baroque Era
        • The Classical Era
        • The Romantic Era
        • The Modern Era
        • Identifying the Era
      • Orchestration
        • The Strings
        • The Woodwind
        • The Brass
        • The Percussion
      • General Knowledge
        • Transposition (ABRSM Grade 6)
        • Intervals in an Orchestral Score
        • Chords and Key in a Score
        • Grade 6 Musical Terms Quiz
      • Grade 6 Music Theory Test (ABRSM)
    • Grade 7
      • Scales, Keys and Chords
        • Identifying the Home Key
        • Chord vii°7 (Diminished 7th)
        • Secondary 7ths
        • The Neapolitan 6th
        • Direct Modulation
        • The Whole Tone Scale
      • Decoration
        • Using Decoration Notes
        • Suspensions
        • Simultaneous Decoration
        • Decoration Mistakes to Avoid
        • Analysing Harmony with Decoration Notes
      • Chord Progressions
        • Arpeggio 6/4 (Alberti Bass)
        • Harmonic Sequence
        • Harmonic Sequence with Suspensions
      • Figured Bass
        • Figured Bass Review
        • Figured Bass (ABRSM Grade 7)
        • Added 7th Chords
        • Suspensions (Figured Bass)
        • Figure 4
        • Added 9th Chords
        • Q1 | Figuring a Bass Line
        • Q1 | Problem Areas
        • Q1 | Getting Top Marks
      • Harmony Reconstruction
        • Q2 | Chorale Reconstruction
        • Lutheran Chorales
        • Q2 | Method (Chorales)
        • Q2 | Keyboard Reconstruction
        • Q2 | Keyboard Openings
        • Q2 | Keyboard Voice Leading
        • Q2 | Keyboard Decoration
        • Q2 | Keyboard Accompaniment Styles
      • Composition
        • Introduction
        • Q3a | Composing a Solo Part
        • Q3b | Composing a Solo Melody
      • General Knowledge
        • Enharmonic Transposition
        • Crossing Parts
        • Identifying Chords
        • Instruments
        • The Woodwind Section
      • Grade 7 Music Theory Test
    • Grade 8
      • Chords and Keys
        • Introduction
        • Extended Dominant Chords
        • Chromatic Chords
        • Borrowed Chords and Parallel Keys
        • Augmented 6th Chords
        • Secondary Dominants
        • Other Chromatic Chords
        • Distant Modulation
        • Identifying Prevailing Key
      • Figured Bass
        • Review
        • Suspensions (Figured Bass, 3-Part)
        • Figure 5/4
        • Figure 5
        • Figured Decoration
      • Voice Leading
        • False (Cross) Relations
        • 3-Part Voice Leading
        • Voice Leading in Minor Keys
      • Harmony and Decoration
        • Inverted Cadences
        • Harmonic Rhythm
        • Harmonic Analysis
      • Trio Sonatas
        • Trio Sonatas – Introduction
        • Step 1: Dissonances
        • Step 2: Leading Notes
        • Step 3: Roots, 3rds and 5ths
        • Step 4: Patterns
        • Step 5: Momentum
        • Trio Sonata Walkthrough
      • Keyboard Reconstruction
        • Introduction
        • Working with the Harmony
        • Using 2nd Inversions
        • Texture and Part-Writing
        • Voice Leading and Consecutives
        • Notation
        • Phrase, Patterns and Sequences
        • Writing Alberti Bass
      • Composition
        • Introduction
        • Analysing the Given Opening
        • Creating a Structure
        • Adapting a Melodic Idea
        • Modulation
        • Idiomatic Writing
        • Composition Walkthrough
      • Grade 8 Music Theory Test
  • Trinity
    • Grade 1
      • Pitch & the Treble Clef
      • The Bass Clef
      • The Grand Staff
      • Accidentals
      • Time Names of Notes
      • Time Names of Rests
      • Simple Time Signatures
      • Major Scales and Scale Degrees
      • Key Signatures
      • Interval Numbers
      • Tonic Triads
      • Composing an Answering Rhythm
      • Ostinato
      • Dynamics
      • Musical Symbols
      • Musical Terms
      • Handwriting Music
    • Grade 2
      • Ledger Lines
      • Semiquavers/16ths
      • Dotted Notes
      • Beaming in Groups
      • Tied Notes
      • Minor Scales Introduction
      • Degrees of the Scale
      • Key Signatures and Minor Keys
      • Questions on Scales
      • Transposing at the Octave
      • Time Signatures
      • Adding Bar Lines
      • Working out the Time Signature
      • Adding Rests
      • Tonic Triads – Major and Minor
      • Interval Qualities
      • Composing a Melody
      • Musical Devices
      • Syncopation
      • Musical Terms
    • Grade 3
      • Triplets
      • Major Scales: D and B Flat
      • Melodic Minor Scales
      • Minor Scales: Gm and Bm
      • Key Signatures and Key
      • Chords and Cadences
      • Chord Progressions
      • Compound Time Signatures
      • Rests
      • Beaming and Grouping (Grade 3)
      • Spotting Errors
      • Composition (Trinity Grade 3)
      • Musical Terms
    • Grade 4
      • Double Sharps/Flats and Enharmonics
      • Irregular Time Signatures
      • Chromatic Scales
      • Intervals Between Any Two Notes
      • Compound Intervals
      • The Alto Clef
      • Intervals in the Alto Clef
      • Transposing by a 4th or 5th
      • Chord V7 – The Dominant 7th
      • Chords I, IV and V
      • Chord v (Minor Dominant)
      • Chord IV (Major Subdominant; Melodic Minor)
      • Chord Inversions
      • Unaccented Passing Notes
      • Harmonic Rhythm
      • Voice Leading
        • What is Voice Leading?
        • Conjunct and Disjunct Motion
        • Augmented and Diminished Intervals
        • Leading Notes and 7ths
        • Consecutive 5ths and Octaves
      • Setting Words to a Rhythm
    • Grade 5
      • The Demisemiquaver (32nd Note)
      • Breves (Double Whole Notes)
      • Grouping and Beaming
      • The Tenor Clef
      • Major Scales: E and A Flat
      • Scales and Keys with 5 Sharps/Flats
      • Key Signatures
      • Identifying the Key
      • The Circle of 5ths
      • Intervals – Can I Count Semitones?
      • Intervals in a Score
      • Chord II – The Supertonic
      • Accented Passing Notes
      • Modulation
      • Ornaments (Symbols)
    • Grade 6
      • Double Dotted Notes
      • Duplets
      • Major Scales with 6 Sharps/Flats
      • Minor Scales with 6 Sharps/Flats
      • Major Scales with 7 Sharps/Flats
      • Minor Scales with 7 Sharps/Flats
      • Chord VI – The Submediant
      • Chord III – The Mediant
      • Chord VII – The Leading Note
      • Chord vii°7 (Diminished 7th)
      • Chord II7 (Supertonic 7th)
      • Chord Inversions in Music
      • Common Chord Progressions
      • Interrupted Cadence
      • Progressions and Inversions
      • Pedals
      • SATB Close v. Open Scores
      • Lutheran Chorales
      • SATB Voice Leading
      • Figured Bass
        • Figured Bass Intro
        • 5/3, 6/3 and 6/4
        • Accidentals
      • Close Keys
      • Harmonic Sequence
      • Texture
      • The Baroque Era
    • Grade 7
      • 2/8 and 4/8 Time
      • Irregular Tuplets
      • Tierce de Picardie
      • The Cadential 6/4
      • Secondary 7ths
      • Inverted Cadences
      • Pivot Chords
      • Prevailing Key
      • Direct Modulation
      • The Whole Tone Scale
      • Using Decoration Notes
      • Suspensions
      • Analysing Harmony with Decoration Notes
      • Arpeggio 6/4 (Alberti Bass)
      • Harmonic Sequence with Suspensions
      • The Classical Era
    • Grade 8
      • Note Names in Other Languages
      • Passing Chords
      • Chromatic Chords
      • Extended Dominant Chords
      • The Neapolitan 6th
      • Borrowed Chords and Parallel Keys
      • Secondary Dominants
      • Other Chromatic Chords
      • Augmented 6th Chords
      • Distant Modulation
      • Identifying Prevailing Key
      • Harmonic Analysis
      • Serial (12-Tone) Composition
      • The Romantic Era
      • Identifying the Era
  • Diplomas
    • Music Theory Diplomas
    • AmusTCL
    • LmusTCL
  • How Long Does it Take?

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Next ABRSM Grades 6-8 Music Theory Exams: 13th June 2026

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